The Journal

Tax & accounting insight

Plain-English guidance for companies and private clients across the US, UK & UAE — 396 articles and growing.

Black fountain pen and rollerball pen resting on a cream envelope on a walnut desk lit by a brass lamp, illustrating Form 2848 for expats authorising a US tax adviser
Tranzesta Services

Form 2848 for Expats: Authorising Your US Tax Adviser From the UK or UAE

Form 2848 lets a US tax professional deal with the IRS for you while you live in London or Dubai. Who can be named, how …

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Two black suitcases and a dark coat by an airport window with a jet on the runway at sunrise, illustrating a dual-status tax return for the year someone moves to the US
International & Expat Tax

Dual-Status Tax Return: Filing for the Year You Move to the US

Moving to the US from the UK or UAE part-way through the year usually means a dual-status return. Which form is the retu…

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Grey ring binder with a red pen beside a cup of tea on a wooden desk, a rain-flecked window behind looking over London rooftops and a clock tower, illustrating streamlined amended returns on Form 1040-X
IRS & Tax Resolution

Streamlined Amended Returns: When to File Form 1040-X Instead of Form 1040

Already filed US returns but missed foreign income or forms? Under the IRS streamlined procedures, previously filed year…

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Navy leather travel wallet with reading glasses and a white coffee cup on a wooden windowsill overlooking European rooftops at golden hour, illustrating the expat tax filing threshold for Americans living abroad
International & Expat Tax

Expat Tax Filing Threshold: Do You Need to File a US Return From Abroad?

Americans abroad must file if worldwide gross income exceeds $15,750 (single, 2025), even when the foreign earned income…

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Empty London boardroom with a walnut table, leather chairs, a glass of water and a leather folder overlooking the City skyline at dusk, representing the GILTI high-tax exclusion for US owners of UK companies
Business Structure & Entities

GILTI High-Tax Exclusion for UK Companies: The 18.9% Test Under NCTI

US owners of a UK Ltd can exclude high-taxed profits from GILTI, now NCTI, if UK tax exceeds 18.9% measured under US rul…

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Row of white stucco Georgian townhouses with black iron railings on a tree-lined Kensington street in autumn light, illustrating US-UK treaty capital gains on UK property under Article 13
International & Expat Tax

US-UK Treaty Capital Gains: Article 13 Explained for Americans and Britons

Article 13 of the 2001 US-UK tax treaty decides which country taxes gains on property, shares and business assets. How t…

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Canary Wharf office towers reflected in still dock water at blue hour, representing UK investment income and the NIIT foreign tax credit limit for Americans in London
International & Expat Tax

NIIT Foreign Tax Credit: Why UK Tax Cannot Offset the 3.8% Tax After Christensen

Foreign tax credits reduce only Chapter 1 income tax, not the 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax. What the August 2026 Chris…

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Closed laptop, reading glasses, a cup of tea and a candle on a frosted window seat on a snowy December evening, evoking the 31 December FBAR exchange rate used to convert foreign account balances
International & Expat Tax

FBAR Exchange Rate: Which Treasury Rate to Use and How to Convert

The FBAR uses the Treasury Reporting Rate of Exchange for the last day of the year. How to convert sterling and dirham b…

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Weathered wooden garden bench with a knitted blanket and a brass teapot outside an ivy-covered English stone cottage at sunset, illustrating retirement on a UK defined benefit pension and its US tax
International & Expat Tax

UK Defined Benefit Pension US Tax: Final Salary Pensions on Form 1040

How US citizens report UK final salary and career average pensions, why the treaty saving clause applies, how basis is r…

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Frosted black railings beside an open Georgian front door with a brass letterbox on a winter morning, evoking the 31 January deadline for UK payments on account
International & Expat Tax

UK Payments on Account for US Citizens: Dates, Rules and the Foreign Tax Credit

How HMRC payments on account work, why the first January bill is so large, how to reduce them with SA303, and how the ti…

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Laptop, ribbon-tied stack of cream folders and a cup of tea on a wooden desk by a London window, representing the paperwork behind US expat tax preparation cost
International & Expat Tax

US Expat Tax Preparation Cost: What Really Drives the Fee

Why quotes for US expat tax returns vary so widely, which forms add the most work, how fixed, per-form and hourly pricin…

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Hard-shell suitcase on a polished airport departure lounge floor at sunset with parked jets outside, illustrating day counting under the substantial presence test for UK citizens
International & Expat Tax

The Substantial Presence Test for UK Citizens Moving to the US

How the IRS 31-day and 183-weighted-day formula works for Britons spending time in the US, which days are excluded, and …

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Coffee cup and closed notebook with a pen on a table by a rainy window, illustrating how to pay US taxes from abroad without a US bank account
International & Expat Tax

How to Pay US Taxes From Abroad Without a US Bank Account

The IRS payment system assumes a US bank account. The four ways to pay from the UK or UAE, what each costs, why payment …

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Hourglass on a dark desk beside a closed leather folder, illustrating the Form 5471 late filing penalty for US owners of foreign companies
Business Structure & Entities

Form 5471 Late Filing Penalty: The $10,000 Charge and How to Avoid It

A missing Form 5471 costs $10,000 per company per year under section 6038(b), rising to $60,000 after an IRS notice, and…

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Aircraft wing above the clouds at sunrise seen through a cabin window, illustrating the streamlined non-residency requirement and its 330-day test
IRS & Tax Resolution

Streamlined Non-Residency Requirement: The 330-Day Test Explained

One test separates the penalty-free Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedures from the 5% domestic version: 330 full days …

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Plain brown envelope on a kitchen table beside a mug, tea and house keys, illustrating a foreign tax redetermination after an HMRC refund
International & Expat Tax

Foreign Tax Redetermination: What to Do When HMRC Refunds Tax You Credited

An HMRC repayment for a year you already claimed as a foreign tax credit is a foreign tax redetermination under section …

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Empty university lecture hall with curved wooden benches and tall windows, illustrating the US-UK tax treaty for teachers and visiting academics
International & Expat Tax

US-UK Tax Treaty for Teachers: The Two-Year Exemption in Article 20A

Article 20A of the UK-US treaty exempts visiting professors, teachers and researchers from host-country income tax for u…

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Seedling in a terracotta pot on a desk in a brick-walled startup office, illustrating EIS tax relief for US citizens investing in early-stage UK companies
International & Expat Tax

EIS Tax Relief for US Citizens: Why the IRS Ignores It

EIS and SEIS give generous UK Income Tax and Capital Gains Tax reliefs that the IRS does not recognise. How the exempt g…

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Pencil and eraser on a notebook beside a laptop on a home office desk, illustrating how to amend an FBAR and correct FinCEN Form 114
IRS & Tax Resolution

How to Amend an FBAR: Correcting Mistakes on FinCEN Form 114

An FBAR filed on time with an error is corrected by filing a complete new FinCEN Form 114 marked Amend. The steps, the B…

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Ring binder, pen, reading glasses and tea on a desk by a garden window, illustrating UK pension PFIC reporting and Form 8621
Tax Planning & Retirement

UK Pension PFIC Rules: When Form 8621 Is Not Required

UK funds are PFICs, but inside a registered pension the US-UK treaty defers the tax and Treasury Regulations section 1.1…

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Two separate sets of house keys on a hallway table with a suitcase by the door, illustrating the treaty tie-breaker rule for US-UK dual residents
International & Expat Tax

Treaty Tie-Breaker Rule: Who Wins When the US and UK Both Claim You

When the US and UK both treat you as resident, Article 4 of the treaty picks one. The five tests in order, why US citize…

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Brass magnifying glass on a blank sheet of paper on a desk illustrating how to verify a US tax preparer
Tranzesta Services

How to Verify a US Tax Preparer in the UK: 5 Checks

The title tax adviser is not protected in the US or the UK, so checking credentials is the client's job. Five free check…

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Cardboard box with a plant, mug and notebooks on a cleared office desk illustrating UK redundancy pay US tax
International & Expat Tax

UK Redundancy Pay and US Tax: The £30,000 Exemption Gap

The UK exempts the first £30,000 of redundancy pay; the IRS taxes all of it as wages. How each part of a termination pac…

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Leather card wallet beside an open blank ledger on an office desk illustrating director's loan account US tax
Business Structure & Entities

Director's Loan Account and US Tax: The Section 956 Trap

Borrowing from your own UK company is routine for British directors and safe if repaid within nine months. For an Americ…

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